Measuring ionization time lag of polar molecules with a calibrated attoclock

Abstract Electrons in atoms and molecules can not respond immediately to the action of intense laser field. There is a time lag (about 100 attoseconds) between instants field maximum ionization-rate maximum. This characterizes response electronic wave function strong-field ionization event has important effects on dynamics ionized electron. For polar with large permanent dipole, direct measurement or calculation absolute difficult. Here, calibrated attoclock procedure, which related simple Coulomb-induced temporal correction electron trajectories, proposed measure relative two different events. Using this consecutive half cycles be probed high resolution.